Comparative evaluation of four herbicides for effective control of post-emergence weeds in cotton fields

Zain Sajjad; Muhammad Saqib Sabir; Ahsan  Ali Siddique; Muhammad Subhan; Qasim  Ali Hashmi; Usama Zulfiqar Ali; Dilawar Hussain; Arham  Ali

doi:10.56027/JOASD.212023

Authors

Zain Sajjad PMAS Arid university Rawalpindi
Muhammad Saqib Sabir
Ahsan Ali Siddique
Muhammad Subhan
Qasim Ali Hashmi
Usama Zulfiqar Ali
Dilawar Hussain
Arham Ali

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56027/JOASD.212023

Keywords:

Cotton, Chemical control, Herbicide, Post emergence weeds, Weed sciences

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four different herbicides, namely Glyphosate, Paraquat, Dicamba, and S-metolachlor, in controlling post-emergence weeds in cotton fields. The experiment was conducted in Layyah, and the selected weed species included Pigweed, Canada thistle, barnyardgrass, Field bindweed, Purslane, Bermuda grass, Green amaranth, and Puncture vine. A randomized complete block design was employed, with four treatments and four replications within each treatment. One-meter quadrates were randomly placed within each replication to collect data on weed abundance. The recommended herbicide doses were applied, including 3 liters per hectare of Glyphosate, 1 liter per hectare of Paraquat, 1 liter per hectare of Dicamba, and 1.5 liters per hectare of S-metolachlor. The effectiveness of the herbicides was observed at regular intervals, noting the time taken for visible weed control and weed mortality. Data were collected for three time points to assess the herbicides' long-term efficacy. Data analysis revealed variations in the effectiveness of the herbicides on different weed species. Treatment T3 (Dicamba) consistently exhibited the highest control, while T4 (S-metolachlor) showed the lowest effectiveness. Mean weed densities across the treatments indicated significant reductions in pigweed, Canada thistle, barnyardgrass, and field bindweed. However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the treatments for purslane, Bermuda grass, green amaranth, and puncture vine. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different herbicides in controlling post-emergence weeds in cotton fields. The results can inform farmers and agricultural professionals in selecting appropriate herbicides for effective weed management. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term effects and environmental considerations associated with the herbicides. The study highlights the importance of multiple data collection time points to assess the sustained effectiveness of herbicide treatments.

References

Ali, H., Muhammad, D., & Abid, S. A. (2005). Weed control practices in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planted on bed and furrow. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 11(1-2), 43-48.

Anonymous. (2011). Economic Survey, Economic Affairs Division, Govt. Pakistan, Islamabad.

Awan, Q. S. (1990). Effect of herbicides at different fertility levels on weeds and yield of cotton. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Bukun, B. (2004). Critical periods for weed control in cotton in Turkey. Weed Research, 44, 404-412.

Chandi, J. S., Sandhu, K. S., & Singh, T. (1993). Weed management in American cotton. Indian Society of Weed Science, (3), 176-178. (Field Crop Abstracts, 47(8), 5251; 1994).

Darawsheh, M. K., Chachalis, D., Aivalakis, G., & Khan, E. M. (2009). Cotton row spacing and plant density cropping systems II. Effect on seed cotton yield, boll components, and lint quality. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(3-4), 262-265.

Grey, T. L., Webster, T. M., & Culpepper, A. S. (2008). Weed control as affected by pendimethalin timing and application method in conservation tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Cotton Science, 12, 318-324.

Heap, I. (2007). International survey of herbicide-resistant weeds. Retrieved from http://www.weedscience.com.

Heap, I. (2010). The international survey of herbicide-resistant weeds. Retrieved from http://www.weedscience.com (Accessed on September 25, 2012).

Holloway, J., Trolinder, L., Ellis, J. M., & Baker, S. (2008). New herbicide tolerance technology for glyphosate-resistant weed management in cotton. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conference, Nashville, TN, January 8-11, 2008 (pp. 17-26). National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN.

Hurst, H. R. (1985). Johnson grass control with pre-plant and spot treatment herbicide application. National Cotton Council of America: 199 (Weed Abstracts, 37(3), 914; 1988).

Iftikhar, L. K., Babar, S., Zahoor, S., & Khan, N. G. (2010). Best irrigation management practices in cotton. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(5), 3023-3028.

Iqbal, J., & Cheema, Z. A. (2008). Purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus L.) management in cotton with combined application of sorgaab and S-metolachlor. Pak. J. Bot., 40(6), 2383-2391.

Johnson, W. G., Davis, V. M., Kruger, G. R., & Weller, S. C. (2009). Influence of glyphosate-resistant cropping systems on weed species shifts and glyphosate-resistant weed populations. Eur. J. Agron., 31, 162-172.

Judith, C. S., Lemley, A. T., Hogan, S. I., Weismiller, R. A., & Hornsby, A. G. (2001). Health effects of drinking water contamination. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida.

Khan, N. U., & Khan, S. U. (2003). Integrated weed management in upland cotton. Pakistan J. Weed Sci. Res., 9(3&4), 185-192.

LatLong.net. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.latlong.net/place/layyah-pakistan-4157.html.

Maqbool, M., Tanveer, M. A., Ali, A., & Ahmed, R. (2001). Effect of sowing methods and herbicides on weeds and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pakistan J. Bot., 33(4), 383-387.

Muhammad, D., Afzal, M. N., Raza, I., & Mian, M. A. (2009). Growth and development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as affected by different methods of Pendimethalin application. Pakistan J. Weed Sci. Res., 15(1), 11-17.

Naseer-ud-Din, G. M., Shehzad, M. A., & Nasrullah, H. M. (2011). Efficacy of various pre and post-emergence herbicides to control weeds in wheat. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 48, 185-19.

Oad, F. C., Siddique, M. H., Buriro, U. A., & Solangi, G. S. (2007). Weed management practices in cotton crop. Asian J. Plant Sci., 6(2), 344-348.

Owen, M. D. K. (2011). Weed resistance development and management in herbicide-tolerant crops: experiences from the USA. J. Verbr. Lebensm., 6, 85-89.

Sandangi, P. K., & Barik, K. C. (2007). Effect of weed management practices on nutrient depletion by weeds, yield, and economics of winter irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Indian J. Agronomy., 52(2), 172-175.

Shahzad, M. A., Nadeem, M. A., Sarwar, M. A., Naseer-ud-Din, G. M., & Ilahi, F. (2012). Comparative efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 49, 27-34.

Sheikh, M. A., Saleem, A., & Malik, N. A. (2006). Integrated weed management and its effect on the seed cotton yield in cotton. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 12(1-2), 111-117.

Tanveer, A., Chaudhry, N. H., Ayub, M., & Ahmad, R. (2003). Effect of cultural and chemical weed control methods on weed population and yield of cotton. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 35(2), 161-166.

Tunio, S. D. (2000). Significance of cultural weed control in cotton. Economics and Business Review, "The Daily Dawn" Karachi, August 28 and September 3, 2000.

Zaki, M. S., Hussain, M. R., Makhdum, M. I., & Masood, T. (1988). Response of seed cotton yield and technological properties of cotton to some herbicides. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(4), 448-452.